All languages must develop and change as the world changes. Esperanto is clearly no exception but, nevertheless, it is particularly important for a language intended to be a universal language that it does not split up into dialects. Think about English - American English, Australian English, Caribbean English and, of course, British English (not to mention Scouse, Geordie, Cockney etc*). These can be so different as to make intercommunication truly difficult.

(* different local British dialects from Liverpool, Newcastle and London).

In order to ensure that Esperanto remains a viable universal language it has been agreed that:

(a). The 16 fundamental rules published by Zamenhof must never be changed but must always serve as the permanent basis of the language.

These rules are:

1). There is no indefinite article, there is only a definite article (la)- alike for all sexes, cases and numbers.

2). Nouns end in -o. To form the plural -j is added. There are only two cases, nominative and accusative; the latter is obtained by the addition of -n. Other cases are expressed using prepositions.

3). The adjective ends in -a. Case and number as for nouns. Comparative is made using pli, superlative by plej. With the comparative the conjunction ol is used.

4).The cardinal numbers (not declined) are unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naû, dek, cent, mil. Tens and hundreds are formed by simple junction of the numerals. For ordinal numerals -a is added, for the multiple -obl-; for the fractional -on-; for the collective -op- and for the distributive the preposition po.

5). Personal pronouns are mi, vi, li, ^si, ^gi , ni ,ili ,si, oni. Possessives are formed by adding -a.

6). The verb does not change with regard to person or number. Tenses : -as (present), -is (past), -os (future). Moods : -us (conditional); -i (infinitive), -u (imperative).

Active participles -anta (present), -inta (past), -onta (future); passive participles -ata (present), -ita (past), -ota (future). The passive is given by the verb esti and a passive participle and it uses de as its preposition.

7). Adverbs end in -e; comparison as for adjectives.

8). All prepositions govern the nominative.

9). Every word is pronounced as it is spelt.

10). The accent is always on the penultimate syllable.

11). Compund words are formed by simple conjunction of the words (with the chief word at the end). Grammatical terminations are considered to be themselves words.

12). When another negative word is present, ne is omitted.

13). In order to show direction towards, words take the accusative ending.

14). Each preposition has a definite and constant meaning. If it is not clear which preposition can be used then the indefinite preposition je or the accusative case without a preposition are alternatives.

15). The so-called Foreign Words (i.e. those which the majority of languages have taken from one source) do not change in Esperanto except to conform with its orthography.

16). The final vowel of the noun and of the article may sometimes be dropped and replaced by an apostrophe.

(b). An Academy (Akademio) has been set up by the Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA) to monitor the language and make rulings on contentious issues for the Esperanto world (Esperantujo). It will 'officialise' any new rules considered necessary. It is intended to serve the same role as does the 'Académie Française' in France.

However new words are required resulting from every new discovery or invention. These words can rapidly become everyday words- consider the following which have all appeared in the last decade or so - compact disc, euro, heart transplant, Aids, mobile phone etc. A newly coined word is a neologism (neologo). Anyone has the right to coin a new word in Esperanto (as long as it conforms to the 16 Zamenhof fundamental rules). Whether it survives or not will depend on its acceptance by other Esperantists throughout the world.

A new invention is usually named with several different neologisms simultaneously by different people in various parts of the world. e.g. when a computer first came into prominence it was called komputilo, komputoro, komputero, kalkulilo etc.

Darwin's concept of "Survival of the Fittest" also applies to words and eventually (but maybe very slowly) one version will become accepted as the one to use. Probably for a computer the most common translation is now komputilo.

I will try to list here neologisms as I find them. To be included here the word must

(a) be new to me (which, of course, applies to many words- new and old)

(b) Not to be included in the dictionaries I normally use i.e.

Teach Yourself Esperanto Dictionary (Wells) 1969

Plena Vortaro de Esperanto kun Suplemento (S.A.T.) 1980

English Esperanto Dictionary (Fulcher and Long) 1985

English	Esperanto	English	Esperanto	English	Esperanto
an academic	erudito	IRA	Irlanda Liberig-armeo	tipper truck	^sutkamiono
Aids (disease)	aidoso (aû aideso)	junk food	subman^ga^jo	toe the party line	obei partiajn ukazojn
answering machine	telefon-respondilo	land slide (geol)	defalega^jo	town councillor	magistratano
bar (in a pub)	ver^sotablo	last rites	sakramento de la mortonto	traffic warden	stratparkada kontrolisto
bear (stocks)	basiero	launderette	(publika) lavaûtomatejo	through and through	^gisoste
bequerel (unit of radioactivity)	bekerelo	be "legless" (drunk)	falebria	traumatized	traûmatizita
best seller	furorlibro	life support machine	vivtena ma^sino	tumble drier	sekigaûtomato
black eye	kontuzita okulo	lose face	malpresti^gi	turn a blind eye	^sagnigi ne vidi
black pudding	sangokolbaso	"macho"	virvira	video nasty	brutala^ca vidbendo
bleeper	televokilo	"meals on wheels"	aûtoservo de ^cefman^goj	voting paper	balota registro
blind alley	sakstrato	marijuana	mari^huano	ward (hospital)	flego^cambro
'bouncy'castle*	resaltiga kastelo*	megastar	stelulego	washing machine	lavaûtomato
breeding season	naska sezono	modem	modemo	wimp	debilulo
building society	domhipoteka societo	mug (crime)	rabataki	windscreen	antaûglaco
bull (stocks)	haûsiero	N.H.S.	Nacia San-servo	withdrawal symptoms	abstinsimptomoj
camcorder	vidbendkamero	Open University	Malfermita Universitato	word processor	tekstotraktilo
campervan	aûtoruldomo	pacemaker	korpulsatoro
cash dispenser	mondisdonilo	pedestrian crossing	piedira transirejo
catch phrase	frapfrazo	petrol pump	benzinemisia aparato
Chartreuse	kartuzia likvoro	pin number (bank)	numero de persona identigo
clapped out, caput	kaputa	pins and needles (pain)	piketado
coffee machine	kafaûtomato	pizza	pico
compact disc	kodisko	pneumatic drill	vojborilo
"cowboy" workman	fu^slaboristo	polling booth	balot^celo
crash barrier (road)	inter^sosea barilo	pontificate	papumi
data base	informerteko	power steering	stirado motorfortigita
deep freeze	frostegigilo	to ransack	^gisfunde traser^ci
delicatessen	gastronomiejo	ransom	osta^gmono
demo (protest)	protestparado	red admiral (butterfly)	atalanto
digital	di^gita	remote controlled	telekomandebla
dish washer	vazlavaûtomato	right winger (pol.)	dekstrulo
DIY	memfarado	road chippings	^stonrompa^joj
double glazing	duobla vitra^jo	rock music	rokmuziko
euro (money)	eûro	rubbish skip	rubkontenero
fax machine	faksma^sino	SARS (illness)	netipa pulmilo
figurehead	prufiguro	to scan	skani
filing cabinet	dosiero^sranko	Scrabble (game)	skrablo
fish finger	fi^sa^jbriketo	seat belt	sekur-rimeno
floppy disc	memordisko	side effect	kromefiko
fonts (computer)	presliteraro	single parent	solgepatro
full back (football)	arierulo	slow motion	lantirado
a fuse (elec.)	fandi^gilo	soap opera	felietona melodramo
gay (sexual)	geja	status symbol	presti^gsimbolo
gilt edged security	senriska bilo	striptease	incitnudi^go
GP (doctor)	^generala kuracisto	sunbathe	sunumi sin
"go pearshaped"	misi	suspended sentence	puno sub prov-tempo
guttering (roof)	gutujo	takeway (meal)	forportebla man^go
hindsight	postvidado	teasmade	(vekiga) teaûtomato
holistic	holisma	thriller	dan^gerromano
instant coffee	solvebla kafo	tights	^strumpokuloto
intensive care	fako por intensa flegado	time bomb	prokrasta bombo